First, an answer to your first question:
to mount your ntfs partition:
type in your console:
CODE
su
mkdir /mnt/windows
mount -t ntfs /dev/hda1 /mnt/windows
Now, your ntfs partition should be mounted on /mnt/windows.
If you will reboot, the partition will be unmounted again.
The solution: edit /etc/fstab
Add this line in /etc/fstab
CODE
/dev/hda1 /mnt/windows ntfs defaults 0 0
Normally, the partition should be mounted if you reboot.
(you don't need to reboot to test if your fstab works correct. If you type (as root) umount -a, then mount -a, your partitions should be mounted)
Note that in my case, for some reason, i can only see my ntfs as root.
I still have to figure out why, so maybe you will have that issue too. (because I explained this stuff as I always do to mount my windows)
second question:
I don't know a lot about sudo, but in some distro's, sudo is used instead of su.
The difference is that if you use su, you will be root in that session the whole time. (untill you type exit etc.). If you use sudo, you're only temporary a root.
It's for example used in [K]Ubuntu.
I leave the third question to someone else